Spectator Ion Definition and Examples

Ions are atoms or molecules that carry a net electrical charge. There are different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions. A spectator ion is one that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. Spectator Ion Definition Spectator ions may be either cations (positively-charged ions) or anions (negatively-charged ions). The ion is unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and does not affect equilibrium. When writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in the original equation are ignored. Thus, the total ionic reaction is different from the net chemical reaction. Spectator Ion Examples Consider the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) in aqueous solution. 2 NaCl (aq) CuSO4 (aq) → 2 Na (aq) SO42- (aq) CuCl2 (s) The ionic form of this reaction is: 2 Na (aq) 2 Cl- (aq) Cu2 (aq) SO42- (aq) → 2 Na (aq) SO42- (aq) CuCl2 (s) The sodium ions and sulfate ion are the spectator ions in this reaction. They appear unchanged in both the product and reactant side of the equation. These ions just spectate (watch) while the other ions form the copper chloride. The spectator ions are canceled out of a reaction when writing the net ionic equation, so the net ionic equation for this example would be: 2 Cl- (aq) Cu2 (aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™ CuCl2 (s) Although spectator ions are ignored in the net reaction, they affect the Debye length. Table of Common Spectator Ions These ions are spectator ions because they dont react with water, so when soluble compounds of these ions dissolve in water, they wont directly affect pH and can be ignored. While you can consult a table, it worthwhile to memorize the common spectator ions because knowing them makes it easier to identify strong acids, strong bases, and neutral salts in a chemical reaction. The easiest way to learn them is in groups of three or trios of ions found together on the periodic table of the elements.

Essay on Title IX Fighting for Equality - 1763 Words

Women have fiercely fought for equality since the 1800’s. People were created equal, but they are not treated equally in society. In particular women are the ones being discriminated against. They had to persevere though everyone saying that they couldn’t do anything other than be a house wife. Women had to make men see that they didn’t need to be held to certain criteria, for example, women not being able to play sports because of their bodies. This is not just out of school, but in school as well. As a result, Title IX was created. â€Å"In 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments passed the US Congress, creating the frame work within which girls and women might finally have equal access to, fitness, and physical-education†¦show more content†¦Men believe women are weak and don’t have what it takes to play a sport. Women are not weak at all the most painful feeling (child birth) women have to do not men. And without women willing to go through that pain there would be no more human race, so if they can do that we can definitely play a sport. Still women would not let men keep them down, in the 1800’s and the 1900’s women started to form informal athletic clubs; which help states like new york and new Orleans get popular sports like tennis, croquet bowling and archery. Even though they were forming groups they did not have any women clubs of their own. But, some men’s clubs actually let women participate in their clubs, but would not let them have full membership. Also, to all the many discriminatory women had to fight against the biggest was if they became pregnant in school. They would be sent to alternative education programs and they had no way to fight this. In the early stages of women sports they had no respect. As women participation became more involved in sports in college there became a bigger need for equal rights and to end discrimination. While women where fighting for t he right to vote they where also fighting to organize Intercollegiate competitions among women. Before Title IX a lot of colleges would play intramural games for their women â€Å"competitions included intramural, clubs, andShow MoreRelatedWomen s Women Faced Gender Discrimination1737 Words   |  7 PagesCongress passed Title IX in order to end sex-based discrimination in higher education. Although, the act never explicitly states athletics, the act did become recognized frequently in the case of athletics in higher education. In addition to athletics, Title IX extends to prohibiting gender bias in education and the workplace. Even though, there are gains in gender equality with the passage of Title IX, stereotypical bias infiltrate prejudices that frame the full potential of Title IX. Despite the factRead MoreEssay about Sexism in Sports1237 Words   |  5 Pagespolicy known as Title IX was written and mandated into Federal policy. 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Title IX has introduced gender equality in many areas of our daily lives and without it America would not be the country it is today. Title IX has changed the way that the American society views gender equality in exploitation ( such as sexual harassment), athletics, educationRead MoreTransgender Student Inclusion : Single Sex Colleges917 Words   |  4 Pages(Feldman) Schools who are publically funded cannot discriminate transgender students in anyway because of their protection in Title IX. The Assistant Secretary of the United States Department of education states, â€Å"All students, including transgender students and students who do not conform to sex stereotypes, are protected from sex-based discrimination under Title IX. Under Title IX, a recipient generally must treat transgender students consistent with their gender identity in all aspects of the planningRead MorePatsy Matsu Takemoto Mink ( 1927-2002 )896 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular Mink was one of the principle persons involved in the drafting and passage of Title IX (1972), which promoted the rights and opportunities of women in education and sports in America. In 1972 Mink declared herself to be a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the Office of the Presidency to further advance her ideals which developing the Pacific region, fostering school improvement, ensuring econom ic equality, and promoting minority opinions. Though rarely the focus of historical and academic

Why Our Children Will Not Have Cell Phones free essay sample

Some people agree that students should bring electronics to school other don’t. In the article â€Å"Hang It Up† by Jesse Scaccia, the author disagrees. She believes cell phones are a â€Å"status symbols†, students bring their cell phones to look cool, they want other kids to look at them and think they are so cool. A student that wants to succeed and be efficient in school shouldn’t use their cellphone in any class. I agree with the author, I believe that students have a bad habit of using their cell phones in class they can’t even control themselves.Many parents think that buying their kids a smartphone they are going to be better at school or get a better grade. Some parents buy their childrens cell phones in case theres an emergency or simply because they think the kid it’s going to behave better in school and some other parents buy it because they think their kid is doing great at school and they feel like surprising them. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Our Children Will Not Have Cell Phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Truth is a lot of these kids manipulate their parents so that they could buy them the latest phone. Electronics make a student fail if they are using it in class. â€Å"One reason students fail is that of the distraction in the classroom, especially the cell phone.† I can see where she’s coming from, a lot of students start to use the phone when the teacher is not looking and some of them don’t even care if the teacher is looking. I am going to agree and I am also going to say that I am one of those students, I use my phone in class but it’s never because I don’t want to learn or because I find the class boring. I think I’m just used to be always checking my phone.I believe that these kids have a bad habit. Nowadays you see parents buying their kids iPads or tablets to their young kids so that they could stay quiet, â€Å" There are legitimate causes that parents should be taking on. But they are wrong on this cell phone issue. In this case, they are part of the problem. I can see where she’s coming from but I also believe some parents are too overprotective. There’s been a lot of shootings in different schools in the U.S and I think that parents would like to know if their child is okay. That’s the only way that they can communicate. â€Å"Parents think cell phones as a connection to their children in an emergency.†

The Old Man and the Sea Outline free essay sample

B. â€Å"You are killing me, fish, the old man thought. But you have a right to. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. Come on and kill me. I do not care who kills who. † (92) a. Santiago comes to honor the marlin, so much that he doesn’t care if the marlin defeats him because he thinks of the fish as a dignified opponent C. Who gave this to you? Martin. The owner. I must thank him. I thanked him already, the boy said. You don’t need to thank him. I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish, the old man said. Has he done this for us more than once? I think so. I must give him something more than the belly meat then. He is very thoughtful for us. (20) a. The old man doesn’t like accepting help from others, so he instead goes to find a way to repay Martin, because of his pride. We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page III. Courage A. â€Å"He woke with the jerk of his right fist coming up against his face and the line burning out through his right hand. He had no feeling of his left hand but he braked all he could with his right and the line rushed out. Finally his left hand found the line and he leaned back against the line and now it burned his back and his left hand, and his left hand was taking all the strain and cutting badly. † (47) a. Throughout their duel, the line has been cutting into Santiago, more and more as the days go by. b. He decides to keep battling the fish, holding in his pain in hopes to defeat it. B. In the novel, one was able to tell of the courage it took to kill the marlin. One can contrast this with Santiago’s killings of the sharks, which took little to no courage to do. C. For one brief moment, Santiago accepts defeat, saying, I never knew how easy it is when youre beaten. But, of course, Santiago is not beaten. He has the courage left to return home, to drag himself to his hut, to face Manolin, and to accept the loss of his greatest catch. IV. Enduring A. A big example of Santiago’s endurance is his will to stay out on sea and fish, even though he has been unlucky. He doesn’t catch great fish like he used to, and can barely even feed himself, but stills finds it in himself do what he is passionate for. B. ’Fish,’ he said softly, aloud, ‘I’ll stay with you until I am dead. ’ He’ll stay with me too, I suppose, the old man thought and he waited for it to be light. ’† (52-53) C. ‘I must save all my strength now. Christ, I did not know he was so big. ’ ‘I’ll kill him though,’ he said. ‘In all his greatness and his glory. ’ Although it is un just, he thought. But I will show him what a man can do and what a man endures. † (66) V. Faith A. His faith is shown at the beginning of the book when we found out that he has gone through eighty-four days of bad luck. Everyone knows that Santiago has lost his touch, but he still manages to go out every day, to fish, and do what he has been for his whole lifetime. His faith becomes renewed when he finds the marlin. B. â€Å"’I am not religious,’ he said. ‘But I will not ten Our Father’s and ten Hail Mary’s that I should catch this fish, and I promise to make a pilgrimage to the Virgin of Cobre if I catch him. That is a promise. ’† (66) a. Santiago has a tendency to pray when we needs a boost in his morale and to keep faith in himself to keep battling the marlin. C. Santiago has faith in himself that he will keep going until the death, never to give up. He knows that the body is only weak, temporary, and vulnerable, and that the spirit is enduring, invincible, and eternal. This faith allows him to continue the duel. VI. Conclusion A. Ultimately, Santiagos honor, courage, endurance, and faith are what make him a symbol of a Christ-like figure, one that people would strive to be. B. We all have different struggles, with different foes, but Hemingway has created a character in The Old Man and the Sea, whose experiences could change the nature of human civilizaton.